Beyond The Ovaries: The Multisystem Impact of PCOS
Polycystic ovarian syndrome (PCOS) is one of the most common hormonal disorders among U.S. women of reproductive age. Yet, many women still remain undiagnosed due to the variation in symptoms and presentation. Contrary to what some believe, PCOS can present with symptoms beyond the expected reproductive signs. Let’s take a further dive into its impact spanning several organ systems of the body:
Reproductive
The reproductive symptoms are often the most discussed. Hallmarks of this diagnosis include dysregulation of the menstrual cycle leading to irregular periods, and for some, ovarian cysts. Furthermore, irregular ovulation can make it more difficult to conceive leading to infertility. Long term, absent periods can lead to increased estrogen exposure, potentially increasing the risk of estrogen-driven endometrial cancer.1
Metabolic and Endocrine
The majority of patients with PCOS also have insulin resistance. As a result, there may be difficulty in regulating blood sugar levels, ultimately leading to Type 2 diabetes. In addition to insulin resistance, high blood pressure, high cholesterol, and obesity can be present. Overall, these conditions can increase risk of cardiovascular disease.
Dermatology
Some of the first signs of the disease may be dermatologic manifestations. A key feature of PCOS is high androgen hormone levels. Increased levels of such hormones can lead to excessive body hair, acne, and alopecia. Acanthosis nigricans, dark patches on the skin can also be present and may be a sign of insulin resistance. These signs are more than just cosmetic concern but may speak to underlying health conditions.
Psychiatry
Women with PCOS may be at higher risk for conditions such as depression, anxiety, bipolar disorder, and obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD). Those with PCOS are more likely to have hormonal imbalance, body image distress, societal pressure with infertility, among many other factors that can increase mental health burden.
Framing PCOS as a reproductive disease is narrowing. With its consequences expanding multiple organ systems, an integrative and holistic approach is needed to improve the quality of life of patients. Schedule an appointment with us, we are ready to find a treatment plan best suited for your symptoms and personal goals!
1Zeina Haoula, Maisa Salman, William Atiomo, Evaluating the association between endometrial cancer and polycystic ovary syndrome, Human Reproduction, Volume 27, Issue 5, May 2012, Pages 1327–1331, https://doi.org/10.1093/humrep/des042